ADCC (Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity) is an immune response mechanism mainly mediated by immune cells recognizing and killing target cells marked by antibodies. This mechanism plays a crucial role in antibody drugs, especially antibody-based tumor therapies. The main process includes the following steps:
Antibody binding to target cells: In ADCC, therapeutic antibodies first specifically bind to target antigens on the surface of the target cells. This step ensures the targeting and specificity of the immune response.
Immune cells recognize the antibody Fc region: The antibody bound to the target cell is recognized by Fcγ receptors (Fc gamma receptors) on immune cells, mainly natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and certain T cells. NK cells are the primary effector cells in ADCC.
Activation of immune cells: The binding of the antibody Fc region to Fcγ receptors activates these immune effector cells, which then release cytotoxic granules (such as perforin and granzyme) and secrete inflammatory factors (such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α).
Killing of target cells: These toxic molecules damage the integrity of the target cell membrane, inducing apoptosis or necrosis, thereby clearing tumor or diseased cells.
Further immune regulation: The ADCC process also promotes antigen presentation and further activation of adaptive immune responses.
Genomeditech, leveraging advanced engineering technologies, has developed multiple ADCC reporter gene cell lines based on Jurkat cells as efficient effector cell models. These cell lines stably express various Fcγ receptors and firefly luciferase driven by transcription factors. This system quantitatively detects antibody activity in the ADCC mechanism through antibody-induced NFAT pathway activation to express firefly luciferase. The measurement of luciferase signals is performed by bioluminescence reading, which features high sensitivity and low background. This improved method significantly enhances detection signal stability and accuracy while effectively reducing background noise. It can be widely applied in ADCC activity verification and functional evaluation of antibody drugs.
